Infertility, defined as the inability to conceive despite one year of unprotected intercourse, is not only a medical problem, but also a psychosocial disorder associated with stress and social stigma. It affects about 10-15% couples in the reproductive age group. Several changing socioeconomic patterns have influenced the decrease in fertility rates worldwide. Women today are more independent, career conscious and have access to advanced education. The age of marriage and childbearing has increased, women are aware about contraceptives and family planning leading to decrease in fertility rates.
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CAUSES OF INFERTILITY :
Contrary to the prevailing notions causes related to women are not the sole cause of infertility. As high as 30-40% of infertility is due to male factors.
Another 30-40% is due to causes pertaining to women and remaining 20% of infertility is due to unexplained factors.
Male factors: abnormalities in the quality and quantity of semen are the major factors responsible for infertility which is primarily due to testicular failure or dysfunction. Other causes include genetic causes, trauma, surgery, drug intake and psychiatric factors.
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Infertility in Men
Female infertility is due to
1) Fallopian tube abnormalities
2) defects in ovulation
3) less commonly malformations or abnormalities of the uterus.
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